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MLA Citation for Article 1: Genetic Modification Of Agronomic Traits in Fruit Crops

L. Baldoni-E. Rugini – Fruit and Vegetable Biotechnology – 2002 Summary of Article 1: This article, published by the Food And Drug Association, begins with providing the reader a simplified definition of traditional crop rotations, genetic engineering, and then genome editing. The article then goes on to explain the primary uses of GMOs in agriculture; to prevent crop loss by building resistance to insect damage, plant viruses, and resistance to insect damage. The article closes with a call to action: The Agricultural Biotechnology Education Initiative. Supported by the FDA, this Outreach Initiative was developed to share science-based information that educates and broadens understanding about agricultural biotechnology for consumers. 

MLA Citation of Article 2:  Klümper W, Qaim M (2014) A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops. Summary of Article 2: This article presents an investigation into impact of genetically modified crops. The study reports genetically modified crop impact in terms of one or more of the following outcome variables: yield, pesticide quantity (especially insecticides and herbicides), pesticide costs, total variable costs, gross margins, farmer profits. It contains a detailed statistical analysis with a myriad of calculations. The analysis confirms that yield and farmer profit gains are higher in developing countries than in developed countries. Moreover, the article is presented in the following order: materials and methods, results, conclusion, and acknowledgments.